Zambia Transportation: Essential guide to getting around Zambia

By Mabel Collins | Update on: Apr 26, 2025

Public transport is a vital component of Zambia's urban and rural mobility framework, playing a crucial role in the daily lives of its citizens. This sector is characterized by a mix of informal and formal transport modes, including minibuses, taxis and buses. While public transport facilitates essential connectivity, it also faces numerous challenges that hinder its efficiency and safety. 

This article will help travelers to obtain knowledge about Zambia transportation before visiting this country. With this guide, travelers can consider what to expect and plan what transportation they use to travel in Zambia.

Overview of public transport modes

In Zambia, public transport predominantly comprises minibuses, which are the most common and affordable means of travel, especially in urban areas. Taxis and larger buses also contribute significantly to the transport in the Zambia network, catering to different passenger needs.

Road transportation in Zambia is the backbone of Zambia’s transportation system, accounting for the majority of passenger and freight movement. The country has an extensive road network that spans approximately 67,000 kilometers, of which about 40,000 kilometers are unpaved. Major roads, such as the Great North Road and the Great East Road, serve as vital arteries connecting Zambia to its neighboring countries, including Tanzania, Malawi, and Zimbabwe.

Zambia transportation

In general, the Zambia transportation system is quite low. However, the Zambian government, recognizing the critical role of public transport in Zambia economic and social development, has initiated several projects aimed at modernizing the sector. Efforts are being made to introduce more organized and regulated transport systems, including the development of dedicated bus lanes and the potential introduction of mass transit systems such as light rail.

Investing in transport infrastructure is a priority for the government. Plans are underway to upgrade bus stops, terminals, and road networks to enhance the overall travel experience. The construction of dedicated bus lanes in major cities is also being explored to reduce congestion and improve the efficiency of public transport services.

Promoting public-private partnerships (PPPs)

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are being encouraged to attract investment and expertise in the public transport sector. By collaborating with private entities, the government aims to leverage resources and innovation to improve service delivery and expand transport options for passengers.

Public transportation in Zambia that you should know

Buses

Larger buses, operated by both private companies and the government, serve intercity and long-distance routes. These buses are crucial for connecting major cities and towns, facilitating trade, and supporting social and economic activities. The bus network, though more structured than the minibus sector, still faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and competition from other modes of transport.

Buses in Zambia

Minibuses

Minibuses are the lifeline of urban public transport in Zambia. They are small, privately-owned vehicles that operate on fixed routes, providing an affordable travel option for many. However, the sector is largely informal, with minimal regulatory oversight, leading to issues such as overcrowding, erratic schedules, and poor vehicle maintenance.

• Tip from locals: Ensure you give the assistant to the driver exact change or small denomination notes, as they may sometimes claim they don't have change. To express that you want to get off, say "ni seluka," which is Nyanja for "I’m getting off."

Taxis

Taxis in Zambia transportation offer a more flexible and comfortable mode of transport compared to minibuses. They are generally more expensive and cater to individuals or small groups seeking convenience and privacy. The taxi industry includes both registered operators and unregistered, informal providers, contributing to a varied service quality.

• Tip from locals: Taxis in Zambia do not operate on meters, hence it's advisable to agree on the fare before the journey begins. To ensure fair pricing, it's recommended to seek guidance from residents to determine the typical cost of a taxi ride covering a specific distance, as there's a risk of tourists being charged higher rates by cab drivers.

Travelers should bargain before taking taxis

Private car rental

Hiring a car is the best ideal for independent travelers who want to visit destinations that are either far apart or too isolated to be reached by public transportation. There are various car hiring companies in the nation. Some may want an international driver's license, while others may accept a national license. Shop around before making a selection, and follow the regulations of the road.

Rail transportation

Rail transportation in Zambia is primarily operated by Zambia Railways Limited (ZRL) and the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA). The rail network extends over 2,200 kilometers, connecting major cities and towns and providing a critical link to the port of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania.

With ongoing investments and initiatives, rail transportation in Zambia has the potential to play a significant role in driving economic growth and enhancing connectivity within the country and across the region.

Train in Zambia transportation

Train

The Tazara (Tanzania – Zambia Railway) offers a travel route from Central Zambia to Northern Zambia and onward to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Express and ordinary trains depart from New Kapiri Mposhi in Central Province on Tuesdays and Fridays, respectively. Ticket options vary, with the cheapest express train ticket costing around USD$24, while ordinary train tickets are about 15% cheaper.

• Tip from locals: Tazara tickets sell out quickly, so it is recommended to book at least a month in advance. Sleeper compartments are single-sex, so opposite-sex travelers wishing to stay together need to book an entire compartment.

Zambia transportation digital apps

Ulendo, a new taxi app comparable to Uber, is available for download on iOS and Android phones. Cash, debit, and credit cards are all acceptable payment methods. There is also a R and G ride app that functions in the same way, and payments may be done using cash, debit and credit cards, or mobile money.

Plane

Domestic flight

Domestic flights in Zambia serve as vital links between major cities and remote regions, playing a crucial role in facilitating travel and boosting economic activities. Key routes connect cities such as Lusaka, Ndola, Livingstone and Mfuwe, catering to both business and leisure travelers. Airlines like Proflight Zambia and Mahogany Air operate regular services, offering convenience and efficiency for passengers navigating the vast distances of the country.

Travelers can transport in Zambia by plane

International flight

Major international airports such as Kenneth Kaunda International Airport in Lusaka and Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula International Airport in Livingstone serve as gateways for travelers entering and exiting the country. Airlines like Ethiopian Airlines, Emirates, and South African Airways operate regular international services, connecting Zambia to destinations across Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and beyond.

However, before taking a flight to Zambia, travelers must have a valid visa or e-visa. If you apply with Zambia Immigration Services, you will get an e-visa within a few days with a simple document required. If you have any questions, you can contact us through the form or dial directly +1 949 346 9868.

Conclusion: Zambia transportation

Zambia transportation is a vital component of this country’s economic and social fabric. While the country faces numerous challenges in its transportation sector, significant efforts are being made to address these issues and improve infrastructure and services. By focusing on sustainable development, enhancing regulatory frameworks, and promoting integrated transport solutions, Zambia can develop a more efficient, safe, and reliable transportation network. This will not only boost economic growth but also improve the quality of life for its citizens, ensuring better connectivity and accessibility across the country.